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Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags
Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags (formerly Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage bags)〔,Purdue University, http://www.entm.purdue.edu/PICS2/project_overview.php, "Purdue Improved Crop Storage Project Overview", 2012.〕 provide a simple, low-cost method of reducing post-harvest cowpea (''Vigna unguiculata'') losses due to bruchid infestations in west and central Africa.〔Baributsa, D., I. Baoua, J. Lowenberg-DeBoer, T. Abdoulaye, and L. L. Murdock.Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage (PICS) Technology. Rep. 262nd ed. Vol. E. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 2013. Department of Entomology. Oct. 2013. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.〕
A PICS bag consists of two layers of polyethylene bags, these are then surrounded by a third layer of woven polypropylene,〔,Murdock, L.L., Margam, V., Baoua, I., Belfe, S., Shade, R.E. 2012. Death by desiccation: Effects of hermetic storage on cowpea bruchids. Journal of Stored Products Research, 40: 166-170.〕 thereby creating a hermetically sealed environment in which harvested cowpeas are stored. This oxygen-deprived environment proves fatal for ''Bruchidius atrolineatus''〔Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage - Technician Training Manual. Rep. Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage Project, 2008. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.〕 and ''Calloso bruchus maculatus''.〔Baoua, I. B., V. Margam, L. Amadou, and L. L. Murdock. "Performance of Triple Bagging Hermetic Technology for Postharvest Storage of Cowpea Grain in Niger." Journal of Stored Products Research 51 (2012): 81-85.. 31 July 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.〕
==The Problem==
''Bruchidius atrolineatus''〔 and ''Calloso bruchus maculatus'',〔Baoua, I. B., V. Margam, L. Amadou, and L. L. Murdock. "Performance of Triple Bagging Hermetic Technology for Postharvest Storage of Cowpea Grain in Niger." Journal of Stored Products Research 51 (2012): 81-85. 31 July 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.〕 (commonly known as cowpea weevils, or bruchids) pose significant threat to cowpea harvests. Bruchids carry out their life cycle within cowpeas,〔 and their presence makes the crop unfit for human or animal consumption. These bruchids reproduce rapidly, thus only a few of the insects within a collection of cowpeas can cause significant damage within a month.〔"Hermetic Bags save African Crop, but Not How Experts Once Thought." University News Service. Purdue University, 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.〕
Cowpea is an extremely important crop to Western and Central African countries.〔Coulibaly, J., S. D’Alessandro, T. Nouhoheflin, C. Aitchedji, M. Damisa, D. Baributsa, and J. Lowenberg-DeBoer. Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage (PICS) Supply Chain Study. Working paper. 4th ed. Vol. 12. West Lafayette: Purdue University, 2012. Print.〕 Not only are cowpeas highly nutritious for humans, but they are also a source of fodder for animals, and are regularly used by rural women to generate their own income, thus providing an important source of liquidity for farmers.〔
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